Week 7 Question 2

2). Please discuss, in detail, what you learned from reading Chapter 7.  Discuss at least 2 things you learned.

Raising objectives is a typical way to show that an argument is not a good one. This is done by calling into question one of the argument's premises, or showing that an unstated premise is dubious, or illustrating why an argument is weak. Everyday people reason through arguments, counterarguments, and counter-counterarguments. Thinking of the objectives one might have towards a claim, can strengthen and validate a claim even more, but one has to be willing to see the other side of the claim as well as their own. 

There are three ways to refute an argument directly. One way is to show that at least one of the premises is dubious.  Another way is by showing that an argument is not valid or strong. The other way is by showing that the conclusion is false. There are also ways to refute an argument indirectly. With refuting indirectly there might not be exact ways to refute the argument, but there are negatives and objectives that can be pointed out in an argument that will be considered refuting the argument. One way that a person can refute an argument indirectly is by reducing to the absurd. This means to show that at least one of the claims within an argument is false, dubious, or unacceptable, but drawing a false conclusion from them. If the conclusion is false that means that some part of the argument is false as well. One may not be able to show or pinpoint the issue, but knowing that the conclusion is false leads to the argument being weak.